Colorectal cancer is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide, being the fifth most common cancer in Mexico. Probiotic bacteria are living microorganisms that, when administered in reasonable quantities, provide the host with health benefits. Several studies have shown the effectiveness of probiotics in the prevention of some diseases such as cancer, infections, allergies, irritable bowel syndrome, and other autoimmune diseases. Regarding the prevention of colorectal cancer, several action mechanisms have been proposed, with a highlight on the sequestration mechanism of mutagens by intestinal bacteria, the bacteria growth suppression that converts pro-carcinogens into carcinogens, the reduction of enzymes β-glucuronidase and β-glucosidase, bile acid de-conjugation, as well as the potentiation of the host immune system.